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XBP1 взаимодействует с HIF1α и стимулирует прогрессию рака молочной железы

Serpent, 02.04.2014 16:34
картинка: XBP12.jpgТройной негативный рак молочной железы (triple-negative breast cancer, TNBC) – наиболее агрессивная форма рака молочной железы, характеризующаяся отсутствием экспрессии в опухолевых клетках рецептора эстрогена, рецептора прогестерона и рецепторной тирозинкиназы HER2. Лечение данной формы представляет собой сложную задачу, так как мишенью для многих традиционных терапевтических агентов является один из упомянутых белков-рецепторов. Патогенез TNBC изучен довольно слабо; соответственно, для разработки новых эффективных терапевтических подходов необходима идентификация ключевых регуляторов этого процесса.

Один из таких ключевых регуляторов удалось обнаружить коллективу исследователей под руководством Laurie H. Glimcher из Weill Cornell Medical College. Опубликованная в Nature работа посвящена роли гена XBP1 в прогрессии TNBC. XBP1 кодирует транскрипционный фактор, участвующий в регуляции клеточного ответа на стресс. Механизм активации XBP1 связан с альтернативным сплайсингом соответствующей мРНК при участии эндонуклеазы IRE1α. Активация происходит в ответ на стресс, в результате начинает экспрессироваться функционально активная изоформа XBP1s. В нормальных условиях экспрессируется неактивная изоформа XBP1u.

Авторы обсуждаемой работы обнаружили высокий уровень активации XBP1 как в перевиваемых культурах клеток TNBC, так и в первичных культурах клеток пациентов. При этом XBP1 в условиях TNBC взаимодействует с транскрипционным фактором HIF1α и активирует HIF1α-зависимый метаболический путь, обеспечивающий адаптацию клеток к гипоксии и рост сосудов в ответ на снижение уровня кислорода. В результате повышается жизнеспособность опухоли, изначально испытывающей недостаток кислорода и питательных веществ вследствие недостаточной васкуляризации.

В экспериментах на клеточных культурах подавление активности гена XBP1 с помощью шпилечных РНК (shRNA) эффективно замедляло рост клеток. В случае использования модели ксенографтов TNBC у мышей супрессия XBP1 вызывала уменьшение размеров опухолей и снижала вероятность их рецидива и метастазирования. Данный эффект был значительно сильнее выражен в случае одновременного использования химиотерапевтичесих агентов – доксорубицина и паклитаксела. Таким образом, целенаправленное разрушение функциональной связи XBP1- HIF1α представляется очень перспективным с точки зрения терапии рассматриваемого рака, так как снижает жизнеспособность опухолей и делает их восприимчивыми к терапевтическим агентам.
авторский текст

Источник: Chen X, Iliopoulos D, Zhang Q, Tang Q, Greenblatt MB, Hatziapostolou M, Lim E, Tam WL, Ni M, Chen Y, Mai J, Shen H, Hu DZ, Adoro S, Hu B, Song M, Tan C, Landis MD, Ferrari M, Shin SJ, Brown M, Chang JC, Liu XS, Glimcher LH. XBP1 promotes triple-negative breast cancer by controlling the HIF1α pathway. Nature. 2014 Mar 23.

Подпись к рисунку: Схема взаимодействия XBP1 и HIF1α в условиях TNBC. Гипоксия индуцирует активацию XBP1, активированный XBP1 в свою очередь взаимодействует с HIF1α, что стимулирует экспрессию генов-мишеней HIF1, ответственных за прогрессию рака.
Рисунок из приложения к обсуждаемой статье.
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